Alaska Criminal Pattern Jury Instructions
Controlled Substances
11.81.350(c)(1) Justification: Use of Nondeadly Force in Defense of Premises

§ 11.81.350(c)(1) Justification: Use of Nondeadly Force in Defense of Premises

A defendant in possession or control of any premises, or a guest or an express or implied agent of that person, may use nondeadly force upon another person when and to the extent the defendant believes it is necessary to terminate what the defendant believes to be the commission or attempted commission by the other person of criminal trespass in any degree upon the premises. The defendant’s belief must be reasonable under the circumstances.

Unless the state has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not act in defense of premises as described above, you shall find the defendant not guilty.

USE NOTE

The following terms are defined in other instructions:

“criminal trespass” – 11.46.320 and 11.46.330
“force” – 11.81.900(b)
“nondeadly force” – 11.81.900(b)
“premises” – 11.81.900(b)

The defense of property or premises justification is not characterized in the statute as an affirmative defense, so like self-defense and defense of others, it must be disproved beyond a reasonable doubt if placed in issue. See AS 11.81.900(b) (defining “defense”).

The trial judge must make a preliminary determination that “some evidence” supporting the defense exists, prior to allowing the jury instruction. Palmer v. State, 770 P.2d 296, 298 (Alaska App. 1989). See also Use Notes to Pattern Instructions 11.81.330 and 11.81.335.

This justification does not apply when the other person has already completed the offense. Woodward v. State, 855 P.2d 423, 428 n.14 (Alaska App. 1993).

For a discussion of the reasonable belief standard see the Use Note to Pattern Instruction AS 11.81.330, use of force in defense of self, discussing Ha v. State, 892 P.2d 184, 194 (Alaska App. 1995).

 

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